{"id":91222,"date":"2021-10-01T08:15:22","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T12:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/architizer.com\/blog\/?p=91222"},"modified":"2021-10-19T08:07:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-19T12:07:51","slug":"structural-glazing-adaptation-historic-buildings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.arc.ht\/blog\/inspiration\/stories\/structural-glazing-adaptation-historic-buildings\/","title":{"rendered":"First Class Glass: Structural Glazing and the Adaption of Historic Buildings"},"content":{"rendered":"

How can architecture be a force for good in our ever-changing world? During\u00a0Future Fest<\/a>, we\u2019ll pose this question to some of the world\u2019s best architects. Launching in September, our three-week-long virtual event will be 100% free to attend.\u00a0Register here<\/a>!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Two and a half years after the devastating fire of April 2019, the cleaning and stabilizing of Notre Dame Cathedral\u2019s remaining structure has finally been completed<\/a>. The goal of the restoration project, stated by French president Emmanuel Macron, is to have the Cathedral ready for touristic visits by the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Before the landing on the popular decision to restore and reconstruct the world-famous cathedral exactly as it used to be, Macron first suggested an architectural competition, calling for proposals that redesign the Cathedral in a \u201ccontemporary architectural gesture<\/a>.\u201d The suggestion was promptly followed by proposals<\/a> from around the world, and many approached the call for a \u201ccontemporary\u201d structure by using transparent glass appendages, adding structural glazing to the storied building. However, none of these proposals won popular public support \u2014 the majority of French people opposed the idea of modernizing the medieval Cathedral and wished to see it rebuilt identically.<\/p>\n

\"structural

Notre Dame with a roof greenhouse proposed by Studio NAB<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Understanding the short history of using glass materials in architecture allows us to glean one of the essential reasons that architects find difficulties in finding balance in their projects. Architects started to build with large sheets of glass only from the mid-19th<\/sup> century \u2014 this was when the technology made such construction possible. From that point forward, the characteristics of glass materials not only determined how they would be used, but also reshaped the way that architects designed and imagined buildings.<\/p>\n

Countless modern (especially commercial) architecture projects are glass structures. Visually iconic, their transparent characteristics re-define the surrounding urban connections, building communication between the exterior and interior spaces. However, as we set the scene in the context of historical projects (e.g. Notre Dame Cathedral), the stylistic harmony runs the risk of being broken, generating visual inconsistency due to the disjuncture or harsh contrast between historic materials and their shiny, modern counterparts.<\/p>\n

In the best case scenario, the architects may create a more harmonious relationship the original style and the refreshing aesthetics; however, this requires serious respect for the building\u2019s history, as well as an understanding of glass’ material history, and its place in the wider context of the restoration project.<\/p>\n

\"Glass

Exterior view of the largest glass pyramid, photo by Serge Hambourg via PEI COBB FREED & PARTNERS<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

\"structural

The inverted pyramid viewed from inside the Louvre, photo by Luc Boegly via PEI COBB FREED & PARTNERS<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Embracing the Beauty of Geometry: the Louvre Glass Pyramid<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Completed in 1989, the Louvre Glass Pyramid by I. M. Pei is one of the most well-known projects that married classical and modern. The Baroque-influenced French Renaissance palace from 1546 was due for a \u201cmodernization\u201d<\/a> in 1983, and I. M. Pei was commissioned to design a new entrance for this French monument. In a playful reference to the Egyptian collections in the museum, a transparent pyramid was finally built.<\/p>\n

The huge geometric expression<\/a> of the structural glazing and metal frameworks looks nothing like the palace’s style. Such shocking visual contrast incited much controversy when it was first built; however, as time went on, people gradually accepted the contrast and now the Glass Pyramid is popular \u2014 and iconic \u2014 enough to be a touristic attraction in its own right.<\/p>\n

\"structural

Exterior view of the Reichstag building, photo via Foster + Partners<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

\"Reichstag_interior\"

Inside the Reichstag Dome<\/a>, photo via Foster + Partners<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Reborn From the Ruin: The Reichstag Dome<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The Reichstag building, serving as a German parliament building, was originally built in 1894<\/a> in a Neo-Classical style designed by Paul Wallot. After enduring a fire, bombing and decades of neglect through the country\u2019s turbulent 20th<\/sup> century, its restoration started in the 70s first on the remaining walls. After the country\u2019s reunification in 1990, a complete reconstruction of the building \u2014 including its missing dome \u2014 finally started in 1995.<\/p>\n

While the rest of the building remained mostly the same style as it used to be, the climax of Norman Foster\u2019s design was a glass and steel dome that capped this new parliament building. The structural glazing of the new dome invites natural lighting into the main meeting space, representing the openness of the activities insides. To the public, the dome is a honeypot that functions as a museum as well as a viewing platform that views the parliamentary and government district of Berlin.<\/p>\n

\"structural

Exterior view of Porcelain Tower, photo by Fei Fang via Archiposition<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

\"Porcelain

Inside the basement of Porcelain Tower, photo by Tao Geng via Archiposition<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

The Shade of a Crystal Tower: The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Formerly the Liuli Pagoda of the Great Bao\u2019en Temple, the Porcelain Tower completed in 2016 is a modern reinterpretation of its 15th<\/sup> century\u2019s original. The original pagoda was a miracle built completely in Liuli (colored glaze, made by melting colorful crystal into one) but was destroyed by war and fire in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, leaving only the basement structure. The restoration of the whole Great Bao\u2019en Temple started in 2004, and the construction of the structural glazing for this new pagoda began in 2013 following the two-year-long competition and design refinement period.<\/p>\n

To avoid damaging the historical basement, instead of making a replica in Liuli, a lighter structure of steel and low-iron glass that required less foundational support has been built. The reinterpreted pagoda still receives criticism from within China. Nonetheless, the design decision was explained by Prof. Chen<\/a>, one of the lead architects of the Porcelain Tower project, as such: \u201cWe build the tower of our time while reflecting its history in the design, just like how it evolved in the past.\u201d<\/p>\n

How can architecture be a force for good in our ever-changing world? During\u00a0Future Fest<\/a>, we\u2019ll pose this question to some of the world\u2019s best architects. Launching in September, our three-week-long virtual event will be 100% free to attend.\u00a0Register here<\/a>!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This marriage of classical and modern aesthetics requires deeper engagement with the distinct histories of the building and glass as a material. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":351,"featured_media":91230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"architizer_featured_type":"insert","architizer_featured_image":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"architizer_project":[26204,26205],"architizer_brand":[],"architizer_firm":[12031,11090],"architizer_product":[],"class_list":["post-91222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inspiration","category-stories","architizer_project-grand-louvre-modernization","architizer_project-reichstag-new-german-parliament","architizer_firm-foster-partners-1","architizer_firm-pei-cobb-freed-partners-architects-llp"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFirst Class Glass: Structural Glazing and the Adaption of Historic Buildings<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This marriage of 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